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Few cities and place-names in Crete and, indeed Greece, retain their ancient names unchanged throughout forty centuries, while being inhabited even today. In Crete: Knossos, Sitia, Archanes, Ierapetra, Kisamos, Tylisos and others, retain their ancient names and are still inhabited today without interruption from very ancient times. The certainty that we talk about ancient Tylisos and not another ancient city, is based on the simultaneous investigation of its ruins, inscriptions and coins where its name is mentioned.. The name of the city of Tylisos was first written 3.400 years ago, in the capital city of Crete, Knossos with which Tylisos had kept preferential and very close relations.The site of Tylisos was fist inhabited in 2000 B.C. However, for this older period, only movable finds have survived: whole and restored vases and potsherds of fine-ware which belong to the typical ceramic styles before and after 2000 B.C. Building remains have not survived, so we do not know the character and extent of the settlement, which must have been one of the most important at that time. It is more likely that the building was reused in the new mansions which were rebuilt on the same sites three centuries later. We are given interesting information about the history of the Tylisos area during the Old Palatial period (1900-1700), by the finds from the sanctuaries on the mountain Pyrgos, west of Tylisos.Tylisos flourished for two periods during the Minoan era: the first period covered the time of the new or second palaces (1650-1450). The three large mansions which have been excavated belong to this period. The second period covered the late or third palatial era (1450-1200). The big building which was unfortunately preserved in fragments over the ruins of the northern earlier mansion C and also the big portico, date to this era.In the years following the Minoan era, Tylisos continued to be inhabited without interruption. These later ruins were rescued mainly on the top of the low hill between the excavated mansions and the guardhouse.The ancient writers inform us about Tylisos in the historical times, as we call the post-Minoan years. The Roman historians Plinius (1st century A.D.) and Solinus (3rd century A.D.) have changed it to Gilisos. They refer to it as one of the most important cities of the island and they rank it alongside Knossos, Gortyn and Kydonia. Of great importance for the history of the city is the evidence from inscriptions. From these inscriptions we learn about its close contact with Knossos and Argos, with other cities of Crete and Greece, as well as many names of Tylisian citizens. The most ancient inscription where Tylisos is mentioned dates to circa 450 B. C.Tylisos is usually mentioned originally as an autonomous city, which later, from the 1st till the 4th century A. D. was subject to its great neighbor Knossos, like the neighboring Rafkos (modern village of Agios Myron). Besides Hera and Apollo, who are depicted on the coins of the city, Athena was also worshipped. The annual feast of Tylisos was Hyakinthia and its sacred month was the Heraios. The coins of Tylisos in the 4th and 3rd century depict on the one side the head of Hera in profile to the right. The goddess Hera is rarely depicted in coins of cities in Crete and is found only on coins of Knossos and other cities near it, where she enjoyed a great respect.The goddess is crowned with a palm wreath and wears earrings and necklace. On the opposite side Apollo is depicted nude, walking to the left and holding a bow in his right hand and a wild goat head in his left. In front of the god there is a small laurel tree and the inscription ‘Tylision’.
Text: http://english.tylisos.gr
Ascending from Tylisos Village towards Gonies, in a distance less than 5 minutes (2 km) and 14 km far from Heraklion City, and at a height of 240 metres we will find the village of Moni. Moni is reported in the inventory of the Guardian of Castle as Mogni with 50 residents in 1583 while in the Turkish inventory of 1881 are recorded 197 Christians and 2 Muslim residents. From Moni comes the ranger Nikolaos Kavrochorianos who fell heroically fighting in Cyprus during the episodes of 1974. Here is the country chapel of Agios Georgios and Holy Cross “Chimeftou” (Juicer), which is built in an idyllic green location and is surrounded by big heels. There is a spring with cool water which refreshes the visitors of the village. The name of the location comes from the Latin word Humektus which means a cool, wet, area or from the word Humus or humos (which means “juice”).On the east there are signs of an older sacred temple and at a distance of a hundred and fifty meters from the current temple there is a carved cell in a rock. It is a place of unbelievable natural beauty, that even the brush of the best painter could hardly ascribe it.A route of special interest is also the route from the Gorge (Kastelos) towards Koule which ends up in “Chimeftou” where there are abandoned Turkish houses. The fertile ground in combination with the soft climate gives the region the possibility of production of a wide range of agricultural products such as potatoes, garden products, raisins, grapes and olives from which they are been produced respectively wine/raki and oil of an exceptional quality. At the same time, important is the occupation of residents with the stock-farming and the production of cheese products.In the village the visitor can relax in the fountain located in the square of the village and taste the rich dishes in the traditional cafeteria – raki house which is found opposite the fountain.Points of Interest1. Places of InterestMonument for those killed during 1940-1944 in the entrance of the village and Tomb of Nikolaos Kavrochorianos in the church of Evaggelistrias.Churches: Agia Paraskevi (Patron Saint) & Agios Ioannis, Evaggelistria, Agia Marina, Church of Agios Georgios and Holy Cross (Country Chapel).2. Natural Environment Location “Chymeftou” – SpringRoute from the Gorge (Kastelos) towards Koule – “Chimeftou”3. Useful InformationTel. Number of Municipal Department’s Office 2810-831460Service of citizens on issues of Farmers’ Security Organisation takes place every Thursday from 08:00 to 10:00 pm.Festival of Agia Paraskevi on 26/7Cultural Association - Events4. Accomodation – Gastronomy – Recreation AreasTraditional cafeteria – raki house.
Text: www.tylisos.gr
Directions of approach: Heading to Gonies Village, 700 metres after Tylisos village, we meet the crossroad for Moni. Just opposite the street, there is a dirt-road which after 3,2 km leads to the cave which is in front of a flat, on the left of the road.
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